HOW DOES THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE WORK?

Understanding the Basics:

The menstrual cycle is divided into four main phases: Menstruation, Follicular, Ovulation, and Luteal. Each phase is orchestrated by a delicate interplay of hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone, with the overarching goal of preparing the body for pregnancy.

Phase 1: Follicular (7-10 days post bleed):

Following menstruation, the follicular phase begins. The brain signals the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the ovaries to develop several egg-containing follicles. As these follicles mature, they release estrogen, triggering the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

Phase 2: Ovulation (3-4 days):

Midway through the cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the release of a mature egg from one of the follicles in the ovary. This event is known as ovulation and usually occurs around day 14 of a 28-day cycle. The released egg travels down the fallopian tube, awaiting fertilisation by sperm.

Phase 3: Luteal (10-14 days):

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into a structure called the corpus luteum, which releases progesterone. Progesterone prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy by maintaining the thickened uterine lining. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum breaks down, leading to a decline in estrogen and progesterone, and the cycle begins anew with menstruation.

Phase 4: Menstruation (3-7 days):

The cycle ends with menstruation, where the body sheds the uterine lining if fertilisation did not occur in the previous phase. This phase is marked by the onset of menstrual bleeding and typically lasts for about 3-7 days.

Hormonal Balance:

Throughout the menstrual cycle, hormones act in harmony to regulate the intricate processes. Estrogen dominates the follicular phase, promoting the growth of the uterine lining and preparing the body for conception. After ovulation, progesterone takes centre stage, maintaining the uterine lining and creating an environment conducive to potential pregnancy. Sometimes, these hormones can become imbalanced and cause issues that manifest as PMS, irregular, heavy or missing periods, and more. Hormonal imbalances left untreated, can cause more serious health issues like PCOS and Endometriosis.

Cycle Variability:

It's important to note that the length of the menstrual cycle can vary among individuals, and factors such as stress, nutrition, and health conditions can influence cycle regularity. Variability within a few days is considered normal but anything outside of that, should be discussed with a health professional.

Wrap Up:

The menstrual cycle is a testament to the incredible unique biology of the female body—a cyclical journey of growth, release, and renewal. Understanding the intricacies of the menstrual cycle empowers women to appreciate the dynamic changes within their bodies and fosters a deeper connection with their reproductive health. The menstrual cycle is a testament to the incredible orchestration of hormones and physiological processes that contribute to the beauty and resilience of womanhood.